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Filters: Low pass, band pass, high pass, band stop
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Sampling, aliasing, dynamic range
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Signal-to-noise ratio
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Resolution, Fmax, data collection time
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Averaging: linear, overlap, peak hold, time synchronous
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Windowing and leakage
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Order tracking
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Cross-channel measurements
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Correlation and coherence
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Collecting data – ensuring you have the correct setup
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When should you use time waveform analysis?
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Diagnosing unbalance, misalignment, bent shaft, eccentricity, cocked bearing, resonance, looseness, and other conditions Phase analysis
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Bubble diagrams
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Diagnosing unbalance, misalignment, bent shaft, eccentricity, cocked bearing, resonance, looseness, and other conditions
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Natural frequencies and resonances
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Mass, stiffness, and damping
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SDOF and MDOF
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Run-up coast down tests
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Bode plots and Nyquist (polar) plots
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Impact and bump tests Operating Deflection Shape (ODS) analysis
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Can we prove the existence of a natural frequency?
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Visualizing vibration
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Setting up the job
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Collecting phase readings correctly
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Interpreting the deflection shape
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Using Motion Amplification
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How does modal analysis differ from ODS?
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How does Finite Element Analysis (FEA) differ from modal analysis
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A quick review of the modal testing process Correcting resonances
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The effect of mass and stiffness
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Beware of nodal points
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Adding damping
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A ‘trial and error’ approach
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A ‘scientific’ approach
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Isolation
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Tuned absorbers and tuned mass dampers
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Why do bearings fail?
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Cocked bearing, sliding on the shaft or inside the housing, looseness
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EDM and DC motors and VFDs
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Bearing frequencies and what to do when you don’t have all the details
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The four stages of bearing degradation
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Ultrasound
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High-frequency detection techniques
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Shock Pulse, Spike Energy, Peak Vue, and other techniques
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Demodulation/enveloping
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Selecting the correct filter settings
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Spectrum analysis
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Time waveform analysis
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Low-speed bearings Journal bearing fault detection
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What are journal bearings?
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Measuring displacement
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Introduction to orbit plots
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Using your analyzer to acquire orbit plots
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Introduction to centerline diagrams
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Eccentricity ratio
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Glitch removal
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How the orbit changes with pre-load, unbalance, misalignment, instabilities, oil whir and whip
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How do motors work?
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Diagnosing a range of fault conditions: eccentric rotor, eccentric stator, soft foot, phasing, broken rotor bars, rotor bar, and stator slot pass frequencies
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Motor current analysis
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Unique fault conditions
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Flow turbulence, recirculation, cavitation
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Spectrum analysis versus time waveform analysis
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Wear particle analysis
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Gearmesh, gear assembly phase frequency (and common factors)
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Tooth load, broken teeth, gear eccentricity and misalignment, backlash and more
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General maintenance repair activities
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Review of the balancing process and ISO balance grades
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Review of shaft alignment procedures
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Defining the program
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Setting baselines
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Setting alarms: band, envelope/mask, statistical
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Setting goals and expectations (avoiding common problems)
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Report generation
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Reporting success stories
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Acceptance testing
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Review of ISO standards
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Cocked bearing, sliding on the shaft or inside the housing, looseness
Cocked bearing, sliding on the shaft or inside the housing, looseness
Bearing frequencies and what to do when you don’t have all the details
Bearing frequencies and what to do when you don’t have all the details